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foundation repair.
While no two soils are exactly the same, most can usually be classified into a couple different generalizations. Clay soil, or Expansive Clay, is rather reactive as soil goes. It expands when wet and contracts when dry. This type of soil can deal a heavy blow year after year to shallow foundations, as the active zone in this type of soil is near the surface. Sandy Loam (or sometimes called select fill) Is very stable soil that shows little change with the increase or decrease of moisture or temperature. This soil can easily support a slab foundation without heaving too much. The worry with sandy loam is erosion. If the soil under the foundation erodes, you may have to turn to slabjacking to repair the damage, and prevent further damage. Sand Is much like Sandy Loam. It is very stable and will not heave or consolidate with increase and decrease of moisture. Again, though, its danger is erosion. Another danger that can be caused by buildings with foundations built into sandy soil is drifting. The sand can shift around and seep into cracks underground causing the structure to almost literally wander around, moving horizontally. Rock is a little unpredictable. Lose shale can erode away, or even expand and contract, while granite, though hard to build in, will remain solid for anything short of an earthquake. If the rock is on a grade, say built into a mountainside, it can be subject to sliding or collapsing if there are faults or cracks. Unfortunately, it’s not as simple as just finding out what type of soil the building lays on acting accordingly. Often times, a structure will be sitting on a mix of different types of soil, and therefore, different parts of the soil will react in different ways, causing severe damage. One solution to this actually involves changing the soil type. If your foundation soil is part sand and part clay, you can potentially have the clay replaced with more sand, giving you’re foundation a uniform soil consistency. Other Resources The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, formerly the Soil Conservation Service, has been publishing soil surveys for 100 years. A soil survey contains maps and a description of each major soil in the survey area. USDA Service Centers are designed to be a single location where customers can access the services provided by the Farm Service Agency, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the Rural Development agencies. This web site will provide the address of a USDA Service Center and other Agency offices in your area along with information on how to contact them. You can find the center nearest you here: offices.usda.gov/scripts/ndISAPI.dll/oip_public/USA_map Website Terms Of Use | Foundation Resources
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